Income
In Canada, household income shapes nearly every aspect of how people get around. What modes people can afford, how far they can realistically travel, and whether transportation opens up opportunities or closes them off all vary significantly by income.
View findings →Gender
How people get around is shaped by gender. Travel needs, safety concerns, and the barriers people face are not the same across genders. Women and non-binary people often make more complex trips and encounter greater challenges around affordability, safety, and service reliability.
View findings →Coming soon
Ethnicity
Transport poverty can vary by racial and Indigenous identity because access to transportation is shaped by broader patterns of social, economic, and spatial inequalities. In Canada, visible minority and Indigenous populations often experience distinct transportation barriers due to differences in income, housing location, employment opportunities, car access, transit service availability, and experiences of exclusion or discrimination.
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Immigration Status
Transport poverty can also vary by immigration status because transportation needs and constraints may change with settlement stage, employment conditions, social networks, housing location, and familiarity with local transportation systems. Recent immigrants may face distinct barriers as they navigate new job markets, education systems, services, and transit networks, while long-term immigrants may experience transportation challenges differently as their resources, routines, and neighbourhood ties evolve over time.
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Age
Transport poverty can affect people differently across the life course because transportation needs, resources, responsibilities, and mobility options often vary by age. Younger people may face constraints related to education, early employment, and limited access to vehicles, while older adults may experience mobility challenges linked to health, fixed incomes, or reduced driving ability.
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Difficulties & Disabilities
Disability is a critical lens for understanding transport poverty because barriers to transportation can directly limit access to health care, employment, education, social participation, and community supports. Even when services exist, they may not be easy to reach for people with disabilities due to physical accessibility barriers, limited transit coverage, unreliable service, cost, or safety concerns.
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Transit Proximity
Transit proximity is an important dimension of transport poverty as distance to transit can shape whether people are able to use public transportation as a realistic alternative to driving, particularly for work, appointments, and social activities. The findings from the National Survey can help illuminate how proximity to transit translates to mobility perceptions.
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